While writing program in any language, you have to utilize different variables to store different data. Variables are only held memory areas to store values. This implies when you make a variable you save some space in memory.
You may get a kick out of the chance to store data of different information types like character, wide character, whole number, coasting point, twofold skimming point, boolean and so forth. In light of the information kind of a variable, the OS designates memory and chooses what can be put away in the saved memory.
You may get a kick out of the chance to store data of different information types like character, wide character, whole number, coasting point, twofold skimming point, boolean and so forth. In light of the information kind of a variable, the OS designates memory and chooses what can be put away in the saved memory.
Primitive Built-in Types
C++ offers the software engineer a rich combination of inherent just as user characterized data types. Following table records down seven fundamental C++ data types −
A few of the fundamental types can be adjusted utilizing at least one of these type modifiers −
The accompanying table shows the variable type, how much memory it takes to store the incentive in memory, and what is most extreme and least worth which can be put away in such sort of variables.
The size of variable may be not quite the same as those appeared in the above table, contingent upon the compiler and the PC you are utilizing.
Following is the example, which will deliver right size of different information types on your PC.
This example uses endl, which embeds another line character after each line and << operator is being utilized to pass different qualities out to the screen. We are additionally utilizing sizeof() operator to get size of different data types.
At the point when the above code is compiled and executed, it creates the accompanying outcome which can differ from machine to machine −
| Type | Keyword |
|---|---|
| Boolean | bool |
| Character | char |
| Integer | int |
| Floating point | float |
| Double floating point | double |
| Valueless | void |
| Wide character | wchar_t |
A few of the fundamental types can be adjusted utilizing at least one of these type modifiers −
- signed
- unsigned
- short
- long
The accompanying table shows the variable type, how much memory it takes to store the incentive in memory, and what is most extreme and least worth which can be put away in such sort of variables.
| Type | Typical Bit Width | Typical Range |
|---|---|---|
| char | 1byte | -127 to 127 or 0 to 255 |
| unsigned char | 1byte | 0 to 255 |
| signed char | 1byte | -127 to 127 |
| int | 4bytes | -2147483648 to 2147483647 |
| unsigned int | 4bytes | 0 to 4294967295 |
| signed int | 4bytes | -2147483648 to 2147483647 |
| short int | 2bytes | -32768 to 32767 |
| unsigned short int | 2bytes | 0 to 65,535 |
| signed short int | 2bytes | -32768 to 32767 |
| long int | 8bytes | -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 |
| signed long int | 8bytes | same as long int |
| unsigned long int | 8bytes | 0 to 4,294,967,295 |
| long long int | 8bytes | -(2^63) to (2^63)-1 |
| unsigned long long int | 8bytes | 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 |
| float | 4bytes | |
| double | 8bytes | |
| long double | 12bytes | |
| wchar_t | 2 or 4 bytes | 1 wide character |
The size of variable may be not quite the same as those appeared in the above table, contingent upon the compiler and the PC you are utilizing.
Following is the example, which will deliver right size of different information types on your PC.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Size of Char : " << sizeof(char) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Short int : " << sizeof(short int) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Long int : " << sizeof(long int) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Float : " << sizeof(float) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Double: " << sizeof(double) << endl ;
cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) << endl ;
return 0;
}
using namespace std;
int main() {
cout << "Size of Char : " << sizeof(char) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Short int : " << sizeof(short int) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Long int : " << sizeof(long int) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Float : " << sizeof(float) << endl ;
cout << "Size of Double: " << sizeof(double) << endl ;
cout << "Size of wchar_t : " << sizeof(wchar_t) << endl ;
return 0;
}
This example uses endl, which embeds another line character after each line and << operator is being utilized to pass different qualities out to the screen. We are additionally utilizing sizeof() operator to get size of different data types.
At the point when the above code is compiled and executed, it creates the accompanying outcome which can differ from machine to machine −
Output:
Size of char : 1
Size of int : 4
Size of short int : 2
Size of Long int : 4
Size of Float : 4
Size of Double : 8
Size of wchar_t : 4
Size of char : 1
Size of int : 4
Size of short int : 2
Size of Long int : 4
Size of Float : 4
Size of Double : 8
Size of wchar_t : 4
typedef Declarations
You can make another name for a current type utilizing typedef. Following is the straightforward syntax to characterize another type utilizing typedef −
For instance, the accompanying tells the compiler that feet is another name for int −
Presently, the accompanying revelation is completely lawful and makes a whole number variable called separation −
typedef type newname;
For instance, the accompanying tells the compiler that feet is another name for int −
typedef int feet;
Presently, the accompanying revelation is completely lawful and makes a whole number variable called separation −
feet separation;
Enumerated Types
A enumerated type declares a discretionary kind name and a lot of at least zero identifiers that can be utilized as value of the type. Every enumerator is a consistent whose type is the enumeration.
Making a enueration requires the use of the keyoword enum. The general type of a enumeration type is −
Here, the enum-name is the enumeration's type name. The rundown of names is comma isolated.
For instance, the accompanying code defines a enumeration of colors called color and the variable c of type shading. At last, c is alloted the worth "blue".
By default, the value of the first name is 0, the second name has the value 1, and the third has the value 2, and so on. But you can give a name, a specific value by adding an initializer. For example, in the following enumeration, green will have the value 5.
Here, blue will have a value of 6 because each name will be one greater than the one that precedes it.
Making a enueration requires the use of the keyoword enum. The general type of a enumeration type is −
enum enum-name { list of names } var-list;
Here, the enum-name is the enumeration's type name. The rundown of names is comma isolated.
For instance, the accompanying code defines a enumeration of colors called color and the variable c of type shading. At last, c is alloted the worth "blue".
enum color { red, green, blue } c;
c = blue;
c = blue;
By default, the value of the first name is 0, the second name has the value 1, and the third has the value 2, and so on. But you can give a name, a specific value by adding an initializer. For example, in the following enumeration, green will have the value 5.
enum color { red, green = 5, blue };
Here, blue will have a value of 6 because each name will be one greater than the one that precedes it.
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